Places
- Atjeh en Onderhorigheden — the colonial administrative unit for which the buffalo-density statistics (≈ 2 buffaloes per km²; ≈ 95 per 1000 inhabitants) are given in the Indisch Verslag 1939, II, p. 283.
- Atjeh’s Westkust — the hinterland of the Westkust van Atjeh mentioned as one of the regions exporting buffaloes in 1938 (alongside the Batak highland), with the export flow mostly by train, on foot, or by truck, and a significant export flow to Singapore and Penang.
Concepts
- Atjeh’s buffalo-density statistics for 1938: ≈ 2 buffaloes/km² (third-highest among the Buitengewesten after Celebes en Onderhorigheden at ±4 and tied with Tapanoeli at ±2); ≈ 95 buffaloes per 1000 inhabitants (third-highest after Timor en Onderhorigheden at ±191 and Celebes en Onderhorigheden at ±128). Source: Indisch Verslag 1939, II, p. 283 — the last published before the Japanese occupation.
Places
- Atjeh en Onderhorigheden — the colonial administrative unit for which the buffalo-density statistics (≈ 2 buffaloes per km²; ≈ 95 per 1000 inhabitants) are given in the Indisch Verslag 1939, II, p. 283.
- Atjeh’s Westkust — the hinterland of the Westkust van Atjeh mentioned as one of the regions exporting buffaloes in 1938 (alongside the Batak highland), with the export flow mostly by train, on foot, or by truck, and a significant export flow to Singapore and Penang.
Concepts
- Atjeh’s buffalo-density statistics for 1938: ≈ 2 buffaloes/km² (third-highest among the Buitengewesten after Celebes en Onderhorigheden at ±4 and tied with Tapanoeli at ±2); ≈ 95 buffaloes per 1000 inhabitants (third-highest after Timor en Onderhorigheden at ±191 and Celebes en Onderhorigheden at ±128). Source: Indisch Verslag 1939, II, p. 283 — the last published before the Japanese occupation.
Account from Atjeh by H.C. Zentgraff (1938)
Zentgraff’s Atjeh was published in 1938 by Drukkerij “De Unie” at Batavia, dated on the title page 8 APR. 1938 — sixty-five years after Köhler fell under the tree at Koetaradja on 8 April 1873. The book drew on the military archives, dank zij de door het Legerbestuur welwillend verleende vergunning, and organized the Atjeh-oorlog into twelve episodic chapters: Inleiding; Van schande en vernedering; De Vrouwen; Het Adelaarsjong; Vergeelde brieven; Verhalen van de Blang; Van vreemde dingen; Hoe Tjoet Ali “Sjahid” was; On the Sjahid; On dying and burial; The unknown “Beer”; and Het Korps Maréchaussée. A tweede bundel — a second volume — was projected but never appeared.
The publication fell eight years after the fortieth-jubilee Kandoeri Masoesé of the Korps Maréchaussée of 2 April 1930, and two years before the projected fiftieth-jubilee of April 1940. The book closes on that anticipation: Als straks, in April 1940, het Korps Maréchaussée eene halve eeuw bestaat, kunnen de oude vechtjassen niet in Atjeh aanwezig zijn. De Dood nam velen bij zich, in Atjeh en elders. In April 1940 zal er eene “Kandoeri Rajeu” zijn die klinkt als een klok. The jubilee never came; the Japanese invasion of March 1942 swept away the colonial world the book documented.
Atjeh, door H.C. Zentgraff. Gedrukt bij Drukkerij “De Unie”, 1938, Batavia.
Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)
In 1938 J. W. Naarding’s Het conflict Snouck Hurgronje, van Heutsz, van Daalen was published as part XI of the Utrechtsche Bijdragen; J. C. Lamster published Atjeh in the Haagsch Maandblad of May 1938 and Het daghet in den Oosten in the Indische Gids; and J. Jongejans recorded in Land en Volk van Atjeh that Atjeh then had 328 village schools with over 600 teachers and more than 36,000 pupils.
See Also
Account from Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu
October: Jongejans dates preface ‘Koetaradja, October 1938’.
Source: J. Jongejans, Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu (Baarn: Hollandia Drukkerij N.V., c. 1938), pp. 21.
Source
Indisch Verslag 1939, vol. II, p. 283.
De Karbouw — Zijn betekenis voor de volken van de Indonesische Archipel, by J. Kreemer (‘s-Gravenhage / Bandung: N.V. Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve, 1956), pp. 50-51, 131.
Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.
Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu, by J. Jongejans, Oud-Resident van het Gewest Atjeh en Onderhoorigheden, with a foreword by Dr. H. Colijn (Baarn: Hollandia Drukkerij N.V., c. 1938), pp. 21.