Figures, places, and events in Acehnese history associated with the year 1936.
People
Account from Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L. (1954) — 1936
1936 is mentioned in Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L. in two contexts: as the year in which it became clear that Dominee Thenu’s ziekbed was his doodsbed, and as the year after which the colonial army began to expand again after the cutbacks of the crisis years — “And after 1936 to expand again.” The colonial army that had shrunk during the economic depression now rebuilt, only to be dissolved six years later by the Japanese invasion of 1942.
Source: Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L., by G. W. T. Dames, Maj. Inf. K.N.I.L. b.d. (‘s-Gravenhage: Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 1954).
Figures, places, and events in Acehnese history associated with the year 1936.
People
Account from Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L. (1954) — 1936
1936 is mentioned in Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L. in two contexts: as the year in which it became clear that Dominee Thenu’s ziekbed was his doodsbed, and as the year after which the colonial army began to expand again after the cutbacks of the crisis years — “And after 1936 to expand again.” The colonial army that had shrunk during the economic depression now rebuilt, only to be dissolved six years later by the Japanese invasion of 1942.
Source: Oom Ambon van het K.N.I.L., by G. W. T. Dames, Maj. Inf. K.N.I.L. b.d. (‘s-Gravenhage: Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 1954).
Account from Atjeh by H.C. Zentgraff (1938)
Zentgraff records 1936 as the year the befaamde Köhler-boom at Koetaradja — under which gen.-maj. Köhler had stood when he sneuvelde on 8 April 1873 — was geveld. A table was made from the onderste deel van den stam and placed in the Atjeh-museum; two kogels were found in de schors, ongeveer ter manshoogte. Late in 1936 the jonge oeléëbalang of Keureutoe — son of T. Tjhi Bentara — was geschorst for mislukt Westersch gedrag, opening the way for T. Radja Sabi to be appointed waarnemend oeléëbalang in 1937.
Atjeh, door H.C. Zentgraff. Gedrukt bij Drukkerij “De Unie”, 1938, Batavia.
Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)
On 7 March 1936 Governor Van Aken handed over the government of Atjeh to Resident Jongejans, declaring the sub-divisions Alaslanden, Lam Meulò, Meulaboh and Tapa’ Toean — the last still governed by officers — fully ripe for civil administration: “the keystone of the pacification”. On 12 September 1936 W. J. Mosselman wrote to Swart from Tandjoengsari. In 1936 the son of T. Tjhi’ Béntara was suspended as oelèëbalang of Keureutòë. H. T. Damsté’s Drie Atjehmannen appeared in the Koloniaal Tijdschrift of 1936–1938.
Drought and crop failure in Groot-Atjeh (1936)
Dr. C. E. Gomperts recorded that 1936 and 1937 were “gekenmerkt door lang aanhoudende droogte” — marked by long-continued drought — in consequence of which the paddi planting in Groot-Atjeh failed to take well, with the exception of the planting in VI Moekims Lhong and Moekim Lam-Teuba, where the sawah irrigation was fed by mountain streams that supplied enough water even in the dry seasons. In V Moekims Montassie a walangsangit plague was added to the drought, so that in some moekims of that district an almost complete crop failure was recorded.
The harvest data of these two years formed the evidence by which Gomperts tested, and rejected, the theory that dietary deficiency alone explained the distribution of xerophthalmie in the afdeeling.
The annual report of the Gouvernements-Indisch arts for 1936, with that for 1937, recorded eight and nine gonorrhoeal infections in total — figures on which Gomperts based his conclusion that gonorrhoeal infection played only a very small part among the causes of blindness. Infections among the xerophthalmia patients nursed in the Militair Hospitaal te Koetaradja during 1936 and 1937 were separately tabulated.
See Also
- H. N. A. Swart
- General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh (1943)
- Pacificatie van Atjeh
- Atjeh-oorlog
- Oriënteerend oogheelkundig onderzoek bij de Atjehsche bevolking van Groot-Atjeh gedurende 1937
- C. E. Gomperts
- Oogheelkundig kampongonderzoek in Groot-Atjeh (Maart-December 1937)
- Xerophthalmie
- Walang sangit
- Blindheid in Groot-Atjeh
Account from Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu
Snouck Hurgronje died (‘in 1936 ontslapen’). August: Vloedgolf (tidal wave) and aardbeving (earthquake) destroyed Oelèë Lheuë. Start of Van Steenis expedition to Goenoeng Löser (1936-1937).September 1936 — earthquake in the Alaslanden cost several lives and did considerable material damage. 1936 — BPM abandoned the Leuboe oil exploration terrain near Bireuën.
Source: J. Jongejans, Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu (Baarn: Hollandia Drukkerij N.V., c. 1938), pp. 40, 47, 62, 84, 85, 207.
Source
Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.
Land en Volk van Atjeh Vroeger en Nu, by J. Jongejans, Oud-Resident van het Gewest Atjeh en Onderhoorigheden, with a foreword by Dr. H. Colijn (Baarn: Hollandia Drukkerij N.V., c. 1938), pp. 40, 47, 62, 84, 85, 207.
Oriënteerend oogheelkundig onderzoek bij de Atjehsche bevolking van Groot-Atjeh gedurende 1937 (“Orienting Ophthalmological Survey among the Atjehnese Population of Groot-Atjeh during 1937”), by Dr. C. E. Gomperts, offprint from the Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, Afl. 19, Deel 80 (1940), pp. 1191-1238 (Batavia-Centrum: G. Kolff & Co.). Received by the editors 25 October 1939. Offprint DLP-157, Bibliotheek KITLV.