1923

Properties2
tagstimeline, year, colonial, acheh, 20th-century, aceh, historiography, dutch, 1923, jubilee, economic-policy
aliases1923 AD, 1923 CE, the year 1923, 1923 (year), Year 1923, 1923 Atjeh, 1923 Langhout, Jubilee year of the Atjeh war, Year 1923 jubilee, 1923 Broersma articles

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People

  • J. Kreemer — publication of volume II of his *Atjèh* monograph in 1923, completing the two-volume work.
  • Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje — publication of volumes of his Verspreide Geschriften (1923-25), the collected writings, in 1923.
  • Joh. Langhout — author of the jubilee volume.
  • A. G. H. van Sluys — Governor of Atjeh; sketches the still-needed roads in an interview.
  • Frijling — Government Commissioner administering Atjeh in Van Sluys’s leave until early 1923; reports the province “in very progressing state”.
  • N. van Zalinge — K.P.M. director whose travel report (late 1922) is printed in the book.
  • H. N. A. Swart — writer of the foreword (The Hague, 31 March 1923).

Documents

Other

Events

  • Publication of the Vijftig jaren economische staatkunde in Atjeh — commemorating 26 March 1873 – 26 March 1923.
  • Return of the Governor from leave; Frijling’s account to the Government.
  • Debate over the abolition of the penal sanction (from 1 January 1926) after the closure of Boeloe Belang Ara (see Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, Poenale sanctie).
  • Swart’s compliments to Governor Swart at Sabang (a year earlier, end of January 1922): the Atjehnese chiefs assure him economic development goes forward.

Places

  • Koeta Radja — capital marking the jubilee; head of the through-route Medan–Atjeh opened 1919.
  • Sabang — awaiting the floating dry dock built at Amsterdam for the summer towage.
  • Langsar — “centre of culture-estates” counting twenty enterprises.

Account from Verkenningen in Atjeh (1923)

1923 was the year of publication of Dr. R. Broersma’s Verkenningen in Atjeh — Reconnaissances in Atjeh — in the newspaper De Locomotief in semi-October, and the year of publication of the Atjeh-Instituut’s pamphlet De rijkdom van Atjeh. The patchouli-leaf export of Atjeh was 638 tons, of which 9 tons went direct to the Netherlands, 12 tons to Germany, 512 tons to Penang and 105 tons to Singapore. The first direct shipment of Atjeh nilam-oil to the Netherlands was in 1931, but the 1923 export-trade already formed the background of the later industry. The motor-ploughs of the landschap Peureula ploughed a half-bouw of ground for the people at f 7.50 in 1923.

Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)

In 1923 J. Langhout published Economische Staatkunde in Atjeh, listed among du Croo’s sources. From 1923 to 1925 there was heavy katjauen in the Indies over the charge that the pacification had been bought.

Account from Vijftig jaren economische staatkunde in Atjeh (1923) — 1923

“‘t Is den journalist nu eenmaal gezet… ‘bij’ te zijn!” — the journalist must be up to date: in his chapter “Het Atjeh van thans” Langhout describes Atjeh in 1923 through Van Sluys’s interview (the province reachable by car and train; the interior still to be freed), Van Zalinge’s travel report (pacification finished; rice feeding even the garrison; pepper declining, pinang rising) and Frijling’s report (“without any restriction… Atjeh in very progressing state”), closing with the rhetorical question that sums the book: “Atjeh onder Zelfbestuur? Of: Atjeh als Wingewest? De keuze is daarginds al gedaan!” — the choice made, the author argues, by fifty years of accomplished facts.

Account from Atjeh als land voor handel en bedrijf (1925)

1923 was jubilee year fifty years economic policy in Atjeh per J. Langhout publication and year of Broersma’s articles in De Locomotief July-October.

Events

  • Jubilee Atjeh fifty years since 1873 first expedition. Book Vijftig jaren economische staatkunde in Atjeh by journalist J. Langhout with author had never seen land and people, content responsible occupant H. N. A. Swart governor 1908-1918 most extensively treated, reclamation presented as vessel full blessings peace.
  • Dr. R. Broersma articles “Verkenningen in Atjeh” in daily De Locomotief July-October 1923 later reworked book Atjeh als land voor handel en bedrijf 1925 with some points modified supplemented, based own observation discussions heads officials reading official pieces.
  • Market pepper price 1923 reached 13-14 gulden where below pepper planter not want work, seeing here there pepper planter returning garden.
  • At Peureula enterprise Kwala Peureula nameless company coconut cattle with little coconut little cattle but February 1923 wrote lottery with special agriculture activity maybe can miss coconuts cattle.
  • Broersma notes at Langsa etc many estates neglected etc.

See Also

Source

Atjèh, by J. Kreemer, vol. II (1923). Verspreide Geschriften, by C. Snouck Hurgronje, 6 vols. (1923-25).

Verkenningen in Atjeh, by Dr. R. Broersma (De Locomotief, October 1923); Atjeh Patchouli-Olie, by Ir. W. Spoon (1932), where applicable. Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim. Vijftig jaren economische staatkunde in Atjeh, by Joh. Langhout (The Hague: N.V. Boekhandel v/h W. P. van Stockum & Zoon, 1923), pp. 124–130, 141–153, title page, Voorwoord. Atjeh als land voor handel en bedrijf, by Dr. R. Broersma, Gebrs. Cohen, Utrecht, 1925, pp. 5-6, 25, 32.

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