1922

Properties2
tagstimeline, year, colonial, geological-survey, acheh, 20th-century, aceh
aliases1922 AD, 1922 CE, the year 1922, 1922 (year), Year 1922

6 min read

People

Documents

Concepts

  • rëntjong-schrift — the pre-Islamic Sumatran script family (rencong / ulú / surat ulú) documented by Westenenk in 1922.

People

Documents

Concepts

  • rëntjong-schrift — the pre-Islamic Sumatran script family (rencong / ulú / surat ulú) documented by Westenenk in 1922.

Account from The Geology of Indonesia (1949) — 1922

The Zwierzycki 1:1,000,000 geological map and coal inventory

For the full account of Zwierzycki’s 1922 contributions see the entry on J. Zwierzycki. In summary: the 1:1,000,000 geological map (sheet I, covering Atjeh and the West-Atjeh coast) became the standard cartographic basis for all subsequent colonial-era geological work on the region, and is reproduced (in adapted form) as Fig. 28 of Van Bemmelen’s *Geology of Indonesia* under the title “Basin of Meulaboh (West coast of Atjeh)”. The 1922 inventory of Sumatran coal localities, which Van Bemmelen reproduces with only minor additions as Table 13 of the coal chapter, is the canonical record of Atjeh coal occurrences — including the East-Atjeh Paleogene localities (Nos. 1–4), the West-Atjeh Paleogene localities (Nos. 13–15, drawn from Rinaud 1885), and the West-Atjeh Neogene localities (Nos. 16–19).

The Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp Atjeh survey

For the full account of the Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp 1922 survey see the entry on P. J. J. Jansen. In summary: the survey covered the primary gold deposits of the Atjeh interior (with the S. Assai 11 gr Au/ton and S. Meranging 10.8 gr Au/ton assays from 35 quartz-vein samples), the iron-ore localities of the Residency of Atjeh (Kr. Geuenteuet, Gle Mon Ampeuet, Kr. Ligan (Babah Loh), Kr. Rigaih, Alu Talu, Kwala Boe and Tjot Plaj, A. Pentuwa Gade and Kuto Buloh), the copper occurrences of Atjeh (Pulu Bras, Gle Broë, Aer Talu, Beutong, Aloe Baru, Aer Si Hajo, Muara Sipongi), and the lead-zinc assays at Krueng Heureueng (76.1 % Pb, 920 gr/t Ag) and Krueng Isep (65.13 % Pb, 680 gr/t Ag). The Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp survey is the most ambitious single mineralogical survey of Atjeh undertaken during the colonial period.

The 1920 reserve estimate

The 1922 survey also records the 1920 reserve estimate for the Kr. Geuenteuet iron-ore occurrence: 2,600,000 tons of ore with an average of 58–64 % Fe — the largest documented colonial-era iron-ore reserve on Atjeh territory, “suspended on account of low market-prices”. The 1920 reserve estimate, though technically predating the 1922 survey, is recorded in the printed literature only through the Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp 1922 report, and it accordingly forms part of the 1922 documentary record.

Significance

1922 is significant for the encyclopedia of Acheh history because it is the year of three of the most important colonial-era contributions to the geological and mineralogical record of Atjeh: Zwierzycki’s 1:1,000,000 geological map and coal inventory, the Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp mineralogical survey, and (through the Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp page-references) Hövig’s iron-ore report. The combination of these three contributions in a single year marks 1922 as the high-point of the colonial geological survey of Atjeh — the moment at which the printed record of Atjeh’s mineral geography was consolidated into the form in which it would be transmitted, via Van Bemmelen’s *Geology of Indonesia* (1949), to the post-colonial readership.

Account from Verkenningen in Atjeh (1923)

1922 was the year of the reconstitution of the Afdeeling Gajo- en Alaslanden|Afdeeling Gajo- en Alaslanden with chief place Takengon, comprising the onderafdeelingen Takéngon, Gajoe Loeös, Serbödjadi and Alaslanden. The afdeeling Pidië was detached from the Afdeeling Noordkust van Atjeh. The verbanning van drie hoofden uit Lho Seumawe — the banishment of three chiefs of Lho’ Seumawe — was the colonial government’s intervention against the Sarikat Islam movement. The Atjesch internaat was founded at Kota Radja. The Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam gave up the estate Boeloeh Blang Ara as failed, after spending eight tons of gold on it. The begrooting of the associated landschappen of the afdeeling Pidië for 1923 was prepared.

Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)

On 4 January 1922, forty-two years after entering service on 16 October 1880, H. N. A. Swart was honourably discharged at his own request from the service of the State, with renewed thanks for his many and weighty services, ending his tenure as Vice-President of the Raad van Nederlandsch-Indië.

See Also

Source

Atjèh, by J. Kreemer, vol. I (1922).

“Rëntjong-schrift, II, Beschreven hoorns in het landschap Krintji,” by L. C. Westenenk, in Tijdschrift van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 1922.

The Geology of Indonesia, by R. W. van Bemmelen, Vol. II: Economic Geology (The Hague: Government Printing Office; Martinus Nijhoff, 1949), pp. 49–56 (coal chapter, Table 13 and Zwierzycki 1922 references), pp. 121–122 (gold and silver chapter, Jansen-Lindberg-Wolvekamp 1922 references), pp. 205–211 (iron-ore chapter, Fig. 41 and key, with 1922 references), p. 161 (lead and zinc, Fig. 35 key).

Verkenningen in Atjeh, by Dr. R. Broersma (De Locomotief, October 1923); Atjeh Patchouli-Olie, by Ir. W. Spoon (1932), where applicable.

Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.

Graph View

Backlinks