1895

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tagsyear, timeline, dutch, achehnese, colonial, military, 19th-century, aceh, aceh-war
aliases1895 AD, the year 1895, 1895 (year), het jaar 1895, Year 1895

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Figures, places, and events in Acehnese history associated with the year 1895.

1895 was the final full year of the Dutch allied policy of September 1893–April 1896 and, as described in Kruisheer’s ATJEH ‘96, the year in which Teuku Umar’s legioen reached the height of its operational activity under Dutch patronage while, at the same time, the religious and political conditions for his defection of March 1896 were quietly maturing. The year saw Umar’s legioen cooperate with Dutch troops at Tjot Goeë on 9 May 1895 under Maj. Van Bloemen Waanders, the recapture of bentengs Glé Broë and Koeta T. Rajoet on 4 August 1895 under Umar’s personal direction, the November 1895 visit of the Legercommandant (the future Lt.-Gen. Vetter) to Ana’ Galong — where his carriage was shot at near Boekloet despite maréchaussée cover — and the death on 8 December 1895 of the great oelama Teungkoe Koeta Karang, whose bought-off preaching had hitherto neutralised Achehnese religious opposition to Umar and whose succession by the hostile Teungkoe Tanah Abée would, within months, expose Umar to the charge of kafr and help tip him into open revolt.

People

Places

Events

Organizations

Documents

  • Operational records of the 9 May and 4 August 1895 sorties (referenced in ATJEH ‘96 p. 23–24)
  • Reports of Legercommandant’s November 1895 visit (p. 27)
  • Koloniaal Verslag (quoted re Deykerhoff’s judgment of T. Djohan, p. 58)

Concepts

Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)

1895, the last year before Teukoe Oemar’s defection, still required a replacement draft of 6,069 men for the Indies army in Atjeh. On 29 March 1895 H. N. A. Swart was appointed adjutant of the 11th Battalion, and on 11 December relieved of that post.

Account in Hooijer’s De verlaten posten in Groot-Atjeh (1897)

1895 was the year in which the security of the southern Dutch outposts of Groot-Atjeh first broke down, with the investment of Tjot Goeë from 29 March 1895 and the abandonment of Lam Koenjit and Biloel in April 1895.

Chronology in Hooijer’s account

Hooijer noted that these southern posts had been endured by the troops for almost three years, waarin zij alle ellende van een tijdelijk verblijf met gelatenheid hadden verduurd.

See Also

Sources

The Achehnese, Vol. I, by Dr. C. Snouck Hurgronje, translated by A.W.S. O’Sullivan, indexed by R.J. Wilkinson. Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1906.

Raffles’ Atjeh-overeenkomst van 1819, by P. H. van der Kemp, in Bijdragen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, 6e Volgr., Deel VII (1900), pp. 159–239. Universiteitsbibliotheek Vrije Universiteit, LS.08781.

ATJEH ‘96, door A. Kruisheer, Kapitein der Infanterie O.I.L., met 2 kaarten en 4 portretten (Weltevreden: N.V. Boekhandel Visser & Co, 1913). Instituut Kern, Leiden. OCR-filename: 20260715_163243_DLP-89-Atjeh_96_Met_2_kaarten_en4_DOORA_KRUISHEER_Kapiteinder_Infanterie_nemoretriever-ocr-v1_OCR.txt, pp. 23–24, 27, 244.

Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.

De verlaten posten in Groot-Atjeh, door G. B. Hooijer, Gep. Luit.-Kolonel O. I. Leger, met 24 platen (Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn; Batavia: G. Kolff & Co., 1897). Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, Centrale Boekerij, Amsterdam. OCR-filename: 20260719_140140_DLP-134-De_verlaten_posten_in_Groot_Atjeh_Nemotron-OCR-v2_OCR.txt, p. 10.

Acknowledgement of sources. This article is a single consolidated account combining the material previously held in this entry with the account given in De verlaten posten in Groot-Atjeh (1897) by G. B. Hooijer. Dutch terminology has been rendered in English, the original Dutch being retained only in direct quotations and in bibliographic citations.

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