Semarang is a subject named in General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh (1943) by M. H. du Croo, in connection with the history of Atjeh and the governorship of H. N. A. Swart.
Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)
From H. N. A. Swart
On 27 October 1894 Swart was transferred to the Subsistentenkader at Semarang; on 29 March 1895 he was appointed adjutant of the 11th Battalion; on 11 December 1895 he was honourably relieved of that post and transferred to the Subsistentenkader at Batavia. On 23 January he was transferred to the IInd Division of the Departement van Oorlog (Head Bureau of Infantry). By decree no. 13 of 15 September 1898 he was awarded 825 guilders for translating into Malay the Uittreksel uit de Recrutenschool together with the principal duties and rules of conduct of the soldier and of the group commander in action. He was promoted Kapitein on 24 July 1898.
From Java
H. N. A. Swart remained obstinately on Java and in the vredesgarnizoenen from 1890 until his captaincy in 1898; he served at Magelang, Gombong, Semarang and Batavia. Van Heutsz’s solution of the teacher problem for volksonderwijs took the Javanese desa as its model; at the census of 1930 Java’s literacy rate was 5.5 per cent against Atjeh’s 1.1. Banishment to Java was the penalty T. Béntara Titeuë demanded in 1913 and which Dutch law could not impose for slight wounding.
From 1894
In 1894 the abuses in Lombok made intervention unavoidable and the minister of Colonies at last acknowledged: “our sovereignty over a native state lays upon us, with regard to what happens there, a responsibility that we cannot shake off” — the first breach in the policy of non-intervention. On 27 October 1894 H. N. A. Swart was transferred to the Subsistentenkader at Semarang.
See Also
Source
Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.