Penosan is a subject named in General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh (1943) by M. H. du Croo, in connection with the history of Atjeh and the governorship of H. N. A. Swart.
Account in du Croo’s Generaal Swart (1943)
From Lebé Grondong
In 1910 the column of Darlang held the Péndéngvallei, so that Lebé Grondong moved with his followers to neighbouring sub-divisions. In March 1911 a brigade under sergeant Wisse surprised his hiding-place between Tampor and Lésten and reported him killed with his principal panglima and a follower, the booty being an M.95 rifle, a Mauser repeating rifle, a Beaumont and a Mauser self-loading pistol. In September came news that he was not dead: he had toured the Gajò Loeö during the hari raja feasts extorting from the population and had obtained two carbines on the death of the resistance head of Badaq; in October he murdered Rödjö Akoeb of Penosan in revenge for the latter’s journey to Koetaradja — but handed in a panglima, a goeroe and a carbine. In 1912 he came in submission.
From Gajòlanden
On 20 September the hiding-place of old Rödjö Pasér with his religious men was raided; among seven killed were the two principal Teungkoes and two feared commanders of Reröbö; shortly after, Tgk. Kalipah, principal resistance leader of Penosan, was rendered harmless; in October the Penosan band was attacked and Tgk. Kalipah’s brother killed. The column Darlang held the Péndéngvallei, so that Lebé Grondong moved to neighbouring sub-divisions. Total losses that year: 141 killed, nine prisoners, 302 submissions; 216 uitgewekenen remained.
From The resistance in Atjeh 1908–1912
The monthly report for January 1911 partly confirmed the favourable expectations: “after mutual deliberation 22 uitgewekenen from Penosan reported, surrendering their firearms, among them all the panglimas and members of distinguished families. The submission of the Pasér Reröbö party was delayed because a few followers with a rifle had not yet returned from the Lake District; the situation in Péndéng after the death of Tgk. Moedö is not yet clear, since two panglimas went to the Lake District with the carbines and have not yet returned. In the remaining part of Gajò Loeös submission is being deliberated everywhere; the Gajò ödöt (adat), which grants every interested party a voice in any weighty decision, means that mutual deliberation costs much time. The principal religious leader Tgk. Moedö Koetö Serei too is said to be inclined to submit.”
See Also
- Lebé Grondong
- Gajòlanden
- The resistance in Atjeh 1908–1912
- H. N. A. Swart
- General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh (1943)
- Atjeh
Source
Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), passim.