hormat was the Malay and Acehnese term for respect, deference and the outward marks of it.
The question of hormat divided H. N. A. Swart from Van Daalen at their first meeting on Poelò Raja in 1902, when Van Daalen judged that an oelèëbalang who had paid his respects in the customary manner had shown insufficient respect. Snouck Hurgronje condemned Van Daalen’s “ridiculous demands for marks of respect.” Swart nevertheless required outward propriety: at a halt in Pidië he refused to receive a chief who was improperly dressed and deficient in hormat, to the astonishment of Liefrinck — “and I do not receive the chiefs in that way.”
See Also
Source
Generaal Swart, Pacificator van Atjeh (“General Swart, Pacifier of Atjeh”), by M. H. du Croo, Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with the collaboration of H. J. Schmidt, Titular Colonel K.N.I.L. (retired), with a foreword by His Excellency Lieutenant-General K.N.I.L. (retired) G. K. Dijkstra (Maastricht: N.V. Leiter-Nypels, 1943), Chapter IV, VIII, IX.