The year of the death of Muḥammad al-ʿAddārs at Surat. Al-ʿAddārs, born in 1561 at Tarim in South Arabia, had come to Gudjarāt at the age of nineteen and succeeded his famous grandfather as religious teacher, first at Ahmadabad and later at Surat. He was the teacher of Sayyid ʿUmar Bā Shaybān, and thus the spiritual grandfather of Nūruddīn ar-Rānīrī, whom Bā Shaybān initiated into the Rifāʿiyya.
The year 1620 saw the re-establishment of the VOC trading post at Aceh by the Dutch East India Company, after it had been lifted in 1616. The re-establishment was short-lived; the factorij was again lifted in 1623, and thereafter only a single assistant remained.
Aceh Context
The sultan Iskander Moeda was still in power, and the Dutch sought to maintain a presence in Aceh despite the difficult relations. The re-establishment in 1620 indicates that the Company still valued the pepper and other trade opportunities, but the repeated closures reflect the volatile nature of the relationship. After 1623, the Company abandoned the idea of a permanent factorij and relied on periodic visits and treaties.